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The disease caused by  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum  has traditionally been difficult to control, resulting in tremendous economic losses in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ). Identification of important genes in the defense responses is critical for molecular breeding, an important strategy for controlling the disease. Here, we report that a  B. napus  mitogen-activated protein kinase gene,  BnaMPK3 , plays an important role in the defense against  S. sclerotiorum  in oilseed rape.  BnaMPK3  is highly expressed in the stems, flowers and leaves, and its product is localized in the nucleus. Furthermore,  BnaMPK3  is highly responsive to infection by  S. sclerotiorum  and treatment with jasmonic acid (JA) or the biosynthesis precursor of ethylene (ET), but not to treatment with salicylic acid (SA) or abscisic acid. Moreover, overexpression (OE) of  BnaMPK3  in  B. napus  and  Nicotiana benthamiana  results in significantly enhanced resistance to  S. sclerotiorum , whereas resistance is diminished in RNAi transgenic plants. After  S. sclerotiorum  infection, defense responses associated with ET, JA, and SA signaling are intensified in the  BnaMPK3 -OE plants but weakened in the  BnaMPK3 -RNAi plants when compared to those in the wild type plants; by contrast the level of both H 2 O 2  accumulation and cell death exhibits a reverse pattern. The candidate gene association analyses show that the BnaMPK3-encoding  BnaA06g18440D  locus is a cause of variation in the resistance to  S. sclerotiorum  in natural  B. napus  population. These results suggest that  BnaMPK3  is a key regulator of multiple defense responses to  S. sclerotiorum , which may guide the resistance improvement of oilseed rape and related economic crops.

BnaMPK3 Is a Key Regulator of Defense Responses to the Devastating Plant Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Oilseed Rape