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Cyanobacterial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (thioredoxin peroxidase,  TPX ) comprises a family of thiol antioxidant enzymes critically involved in cell survival under oxidative stress. In our previous study, a putative  TPX  was identified using a proteomics analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa  L.  japonica ,  OsTPX ) seedlings exposed to oxidative stress. This  OsTPX  gene is structurally similar to the  Synechococcus elongatus TPX  gene in the highly conserved redox-active disulfide bridge (Cys114, Cys236) and other highly conserved regions. In the present study, the  OsTPX  gene was cloned into rice plants and  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 strain to study hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) stress responses. The  OsTPX  gene expression was confirmed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The  OsTPX  gene expression increased growth under oxidative stress by decreasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde level. Additionally, the  OsTPX  gene expression in  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 (OT) strain exhibited a reduced loss of chlorophyll and enhanced photosynthesis efficiency under H 2 O 2  stress, thereby increasing biomass yields twofold compared with that of the control wild type (WT) strain. Furthermore, redox balance, ion homeostasis, molecular chaperone, and photosynthetic systems showed upregulation of some genes in the OT strain than in the WT strain by RNA-Seq analysis. Thus,  OsTPX  gene expression enhances oxidative stress tolerance by increasing cell defense regulatory networks through the cellular redox homeostasis in the rice plants and  S. elongatus  PCC 7942.

Expression of OsTPX Gene Improves Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Photosynthesis Efficiency in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942