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Downy mildew, caused by  Hyaloperonospora parasitica , is a major disease of  Brassica rapa  that causes large economic losses in many  B. rapa -growing regions of the world. The genotype used in this study was based on a double haploid population derived from a cross between the Chinese cabbage line BY and a European turnip line MM, susceptible and resistant to downy mildew, respectively. We initially located a locus  Br-DM04  for downy mildew resistance in a region about 2.7 Mb on chromosome A04, which accounts for 22.3% of the phenotypic variation. Using a large F 2  mapping population (1156 individuals) we further mapped  Br-DM04  within a 160 kb region, containing 17 genes encoding proteins. Based on sequence annotations for these genes, four candidate genes related to disease resistance,  BrLRR1, BrLRR2, BrRLP47 , and  BrRLP48  were identified. Overexpression of both  BrRLP47  and  BrRLP48  using a transient expression system significantly enhanced the downy mildew resistance of the susceptible line BY. But only the leaves infiltrated with RNAi construct of  BrRLP48  could significantly reduce the disease resistance in resistant line MM. Furthermore, promoter sequence analysis showed that one salicylic acid (SA) and two jasmonic acid-responsive transcript elements were found in  BrRLP48  from the resistant line, but not in the susceptible one. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of  BrRLP48  was significantly induced by inoculation with downy mildew or SA treatment in the resistant line MM. Based on these findings, we concluded that  BrRLP48  was involved in disease resistant response and the disease-inducible expression of  BrRLP48  contributed to the downy mildew resistance. These findings led to a new understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection to improve downy mildew resistance in  Brassica rapa .

BrRLP48, Encoding a Receptor-Like Protein, Involved in Downy Mildew Resistance in Brassica rapa