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A greater understanding of biosynthesis, signaling and regulatory pathways involved in determining stem growth and secondary cell wall chemistry is important for enabling pathway engineering and genetic optimization of biomass properties. The present study describes a new functional role of  PdIQD10 , a  Populus  gene belonging to the IQ67-Domain1 family of  IQD  genes, in impacting biomass formation and chemistry. Expression studies showed that  PdIQD10  has enhanced expression in developing xylem and tension-stressed tissues in  Populus deltoides . Molecular dynamics simulation and yeast two-hybrid interaction experiments suggest interactions with two calmodulin proteins, CaM247 and CaM014, supporting the sequence-predicted functional role of the PdIQD10 as a calmodulin-binding protein. PdIQD10 was found to interact with specific  Populus  isoforms of the Kinesin Light Chain protein family, shown previously to function as microtubule-guided, cargo binding and delivery proteins in  Arabidopsis . Subcellular localization studies showed that PdIQD10 localizes in the nucleus and plasma membrane regions. Promoter-binding assays suggest that a known master transcriptional regulator of secondary cell wall biosynthesis (PdWND1B) may be upstream of an  HD-ZIP III  gene that is in turn upstream of  PdIQD10  gene in the transcriptional network. RNAi-mediated downregulation of  PdIQD10  expression resulted in plants with altered biomass properties including higher cellulose, wall glucose content and greater biomass quantity. These results present evidence in support of a new functional role for an  IQD  gene family member,  PdIQD10 , in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and biomass formation in  Populus.

A New Calmodulin-Binding Protein Expresses in the Context of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Impacts Biomass Properties in Populus