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Eukaryotic type 2A protein phosphatases (protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A) consist of a scaffold subunit A, a regulatory subunit B, and a catalytic subunit C. Little is known about the roles of PP2Ac proteins that are involved in plant responses to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus  Rhizoctonia cerealis , is a destructive disease of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), an important staple food crop. Here, we isolated  TaPP2Ac-4D  from wheat, which encodes a catalytic subunit of the heterotrimeric PP2A, and characterized its properties and role in plant defense response to  R. cerealis . Based on the sequence alignment of  TaPP2Ac-4D  with the draft sequences of wheat chromosomes from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), it was found that  TaPP2Ac-4D  gene is located on the long arm of the wheat chromosome 4D and has two homologs assigned on wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that the TaPP2Ac protein is a typical member of the PP2Ac family and belongs to the subfamily II.  TaPP2Ac-4B  and  TaPP2Ac-4D  displayed higher transcriptional levels in the  R. cerealis -susceptible wheat cultivar Wenmai 6 than those seen in the resistant wheat line CI12633. The transcriptional levels of  TaPP2Ac-4B  and  TaPP2Ac-4D  were significantly elevated in wheat  R. cerealis  after infection and upon H 2 O 2  treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing results revealed that the transcriptional knockdown of  TaPP2Ac-4D  and  TaPP2Ac-4B  significantly increased wheat resistance to  R. cerealis  infection. Meanwhile, the transcriptional levels of certain pathogenesis-related (PR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme encoding genes were increased in  TaPP2Ac- silenced wheat plants. These results suggest that TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D negatively regulate defense response to  R. cerealis  infection possibly through modulation of the expression of certain  PR  and ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in wheat. This study reveals a novel function of the plant PP2Ac genes in plant immune responses.

Silencing of the Wheat Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit TaPP2Ac Enhances Host Resistance to the Necrotrophic Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis