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Non-invasive micro-test techniques (NMT) were used to analyze NaCl-altered flux profiles of K + , Na + , and H +  in roots and effects of NaHS (a H 2 S donor) on root ion fluxes in two contrasting poplar species,  Populus euphratica  (salt-resistant) and  Populus popularis  (salt-sensitive). Both poplar species displayed a net K +  efflux after exposure to salt shock (100 mM NaCl), as well as after short-term (24 h), and long-term (LT) (5 days) saline treatment (50 mM NaCl, referred to as salt stress). NaHS (50 μM) restricted NaCl-induced K +  efflux in roots irrespective of the duration of salt exposure, but K +  efflux was not pronounced in data collected from the LT salt stress treatment of  P. euphratica . The NaCl-induced K +  efflux was inhibited by a K +  channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) in  P. popularis  root samples, but K +  loss increased with a specific inhibitor of plasma membrane (PM) H + -ATPase, sodium orthovanadate, in both poplar species under LT salt stress and NaHS treatment. This indicates that NaCl-induced K +  loss was through depolarization-activated K +  channels. NaHS caused increased Na +  efflux and a corresponding increase in H +  influx for poplar roots subjected to both the short- and LT salt stress. The NaHS-enhanced H +  influx was not significant in  P. euphratica  samples subjected to short term salt stress. Both sodium orthovanadate and amiloride (a Na + /H +  antiporter inhibitor) effectively inhibited the NaHS-augmented Na +  efflux, indicating that the H 2 S-enhanced Na +  efflux was due to active Na +  exclusion across the PM. We therefore conclude that the beneficial effects of H 2 S probably arise from upward regulation of the Na + /H +  antiport system (H +  pumps and Na + /H +  antiporters), which promote exchange of Na +  with H +  across the PM and simultaneously restricted the channel-mediated K +  loss that activated by membrane depolarization.

Hydrogen Sulfide Mediates K+ and Na+ Homeostasis in the Roots of Salt-Resistant and Salt-Sensitive Poplar Species Subjected to NaCl Stress