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Stylosanthes guianensis  (Aublet) Sw. is a tropical forage legume with soil acidity tolerance and excellent adaptation to infertile soils, but sensitive to chilling. To understand the molecular responses of  S. guianensis  to chilling, differentially expressed genes between a chilling tolerant mutant 7–1 and the wild type were identified using suppression subtractive hybridization, and eight of them were confirmed and the regulation pattern were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Chloroplast protein 12 (CP12) functions to regulate the Calvin cycle by forming a ternary complex with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK).  SgCP12  transcript was induced by chilling in both plants, and higher levels were observed in 7–1 than in the wild type, implying a potential role of  SgCP12  in chilling tolerance. To confirm this, transgenic  S. guianensis  plants over-expressing or down-regulating  SgCP12  were generated, respectively. Higher  F  v / F  m  and survival rate and lower ion leakage were observed in transgenic plants overexpressing  SgCP12  as compared with the wild type after chilling treatment, while lower  F  v / F  m  and survival rate and higher ion leakage were found in  SgCP12  antisense plants.  SgCP12  overexpression plants showed promoted growth with increased plant height and fresh weight, while the antisense plants exhibited reduced growth with decreased plant height and fresh weight as compared with the wild type. The results indicated that regulation of  SgCP12  expression alters plant growth and chilling tolerance in  S. guianensis . In addition, higher levels of net photosynthetic rate ( P  n ), GAPDH and PRK activities were observed in  SgCP12  overexpression transgenic plants, while lower levels in antisense plants than in the wild type under both control and chilling conditions, indicating that altered activities of GAPDH and PRK were associated with the changed  P  n  in transgenic  S. guianensis . Our results suggest that SgCP12 regulates GAPDH and PRK activities,  P  n , and chilling tolerance in  S. guianensis .

Chloroplast Protein 12 Expression Alters Growth and Chilling Tolerance in Tropical Forage Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Sw