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Stomata are microscopic valves formed by two guard cells flanking a pore, which are located on the epidermis of most aerial plant organs and are used for water and gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. The number, size and distribution of stomata are set during development in response to changing environmental conditions, allowing plants to minimize the impact of a stressful environment. In Arabidopsis,  STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1  ( AtSDD1 ) negatively regulates stomatal density and optimizes transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE). Despite this, little is known about the function of  AtSDD1  orthologs in crop species and their wild stress-tolerant relatives. In this study,  SDD1-like  from the stress-tolerant wild tomato  Solanum chilense  ( SchSDD1-like ) was identified through its close sequence relationship with  SDD1-like  from  Solanum lycopersicum  and  AtSDD1 . Both  Solanum SDD1-like  transcripts accumulated in high levels in young leaves, suggesting that they play a role in early leaf development. Arabidopsis  sdd1-3  plants transformed with  SchSDD1-like  under a constitutive promoter showed a significant reduction in stomatal leaf density compared with untransformed  sdd1-3  plants. Additionally, a leaf dehydration shock test demonstrated that the reduction in stomatal abundance of transgenic plants was sufficient to slow down dehydration. Overexpression of  SchSDD1-like  in cultivated tomato plants decreased the stomatal index and density of the cotyledons and leaves, and resulted in higher dehydration avoidance. Taken together, these results indicate that  SchSDD1-like  functions in a similar manner to  AtSDD1  and suggest that Arabidopsis and tomatoes share this component of the stomatal development pathway that impinges on water status.

Overexpression of a SDD1-Like Gene From Wild Tomato Decreases Stomatal Density and Enhances Dehydration Avoidance in Arabidopsis and Cultivated Tomato