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Stress information received by a particular local plant tissue is transferred to other tissues and neighboring plants, but how the information travels is not well understood. Application of  Alternaria Brassicae  spores to Arabidopsis leaves or roots stimulates local accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA), the expression of JA-responsive genes, as well as of  NITRATE TRANSPORTER  ( NRT ) 2.5  and  REDOX RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1  ( RRTF1 ). Infection information is systemically spread over the entire seedling and propagates radially from infected to non-infected leaves, axially from leaves to roots, and  vice versa . The local and systemic  NRT2.5  responses are reduced in the  jar1  mutant, and the  RRTF1  response in the  rbohD  mutant. Information about  A. brassicae  infection travels slowly to uninfected neighboring plants via a  Piriformospora Indica  hyphal network, where  NRT2.5  and  RRTF1  are up-regulated. The systemic  A. brassicae -induced JA response in infected plants is converted to an abscisic acid (ABA) response in the neighboring plant where ABA and ABA-responsive genes are induced. We propose that the local threat information induced by  A. brassicae  infection is spread over the entire plant and transferred to neighboring plants via a  P. indica  hyphal network. The JA-specific response is converted to a general ABA-mediated stress response in the neighboring plant.

frontiers in plant science

Alternaria Brassicae Induces Systemic Jasmonate Responses in Arabidopsis Which Travel to Neighboring Plants via a Piriformsopora Indica Hyphal Network and Activate Abscisic Acid Responses