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WRKY transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The grape WRKY gene,  WRKY3  was previously reported to respond to salt and drought stress, as well as methyl jasmonate and ethylene treatments in  Vitis labrusca  ×  V. vinifera  cv. ‘Kyoho.’ In the current study, WRKY3 from the ‘Kyoho’ grape cultivar was constitutively expressed in  Arabidopsis thaliana  under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The  35S::VlWRKY3  transgenic  A. thaliana  plants showed improved salt and drought stress tolerance during the germination, seedling and the mature plant stages. Various physiological traits related to abiotic stress responses were evaluated to gain further insight into the role of  VlWRKY3 , and it was found that abiotic stress caused less damage to the transgenic seedlings than to the wild-type (WT) plants.  VlWRKY3  over-expression also resulted in altered expression levels of abiotic stress-responsive genes. Moreover, the  35S::VlWRKY3  transgenic  A. thaliana  lines showed improved resistance to  Golovinomyces cichoracearum , but increased susceptibility to  Botrytis cinerea , compared with the WT plants. Collectively, these results indicate that  VlWRKY3  plays important roles in responses to both abiotic and biotic stress, and modification of its expression may represent a strategy to enhance stress tolerance in crops.

The Grape VlWRKY3 Gene Promotes Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana