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Verticillium wilt caused by  Verticillium dahliae  results in severe losses in cotton, and is economically the most destructive disease of this crop. Improving genetic resistance is the cleanest and least expensive option to manage Verticillium wilt. Previously, we identified the island cotton NBS-LRR-encoding gene  GbaNA1  that confers resistance to the highly virulent  V. dahliae  isolate Vd991. In this study, we expressed cotton  GbaNA1  in the heterologous system of  Arabidopsis thaliana  and investigated the defense response mediated by GbaNA1 following inoculations with  V. dahliae . Heterologous expression of  GbaNA1  conferred Verticillium wilt resistance in  A. thaliana . Moreover, overexpression of  GbaNA1  enabled recovery of the resistance phenotype of  A. thaliana  mutants that had lost the function of  GbaNA1  ortholog gene. Investigations of the defense response in  A. thaliana  showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of genes associated with the ethylene signaling pathway were enhanced significantly following overexpression of  GbaNA1 . Intriguingly, overexpression of the  GbaNA1  ortholog from  Gossypium hirsutum  ( GhNA1 ) in  A. thaliana  did not induce the defense response of ROS production due to the premature termination of  GhNA1 , which lacks the encoded NB-ARC and LRR motifs.  GbaNA1  therefore confers Verticillium wilt resistance in  A. thaliana  by the activation of ROS production and ethylene signaling. These results demonstrate the functional conservation of the NBS-LRR-encoding  GbaNA1  in a heterologous system, and the mechanism of this resistance, both of which may prove valuable in incorporating  GbaNA1 -mediated resistance into other plant species.

Heterologous Expression of the Cotton NBS-LRR Gene GbaNA1 Enhances Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Arabidopsis