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Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident cell death suppressor evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. The ability of BI-1 to inhibit the biotic and abiotic stresses have been well-studied in  Arabidopsis , while the functions of wheat BI-1 are largely unknown. In this study, the wheat BI-1 gene  TaBI-1.1  was isolated by an RNA-seq analysis of  Fusarium graminearum  ( Fg )-treated wheat.  TaBI-1.1  expression was induced by a salicylic acid (SA) treatment and down-regulated by an abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Based on β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining,  TaBI-1.1  was expressed in mature leaves and roots but not in the hypocotyl or young leaves. Constitutive expression of  TaBI-1.1  in  Arabidopsis  enhanced its resistance to  Pseudomonas syringae  pv.  Tomato  ( Pst ) DC3000 infection and induced SA-related gene expression. Additionally,  TaBI-1.1  transgenic  Arabidopsis  exhibited an alleviation of damage caused by high concentrations of SA and decreased the sensitivity to ABA. Consistent with the phenotype, the RNA-seq analysis of  35S::TaBI-1.1  and Col-0 plants showed that  TaBI-1.1  was involved in biotic stresses. These results suggested that  TaBI-1.1  positively regulates SA signals and plays important roles in the response to biotic stresses. In addition, TaBI-1.1 interacted with the aquaporin TaPIP1, and both them were localized to ER membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated that  TaPIP1  was up-regulated by SA treatment and  TaPIP1  transgenic  Arabidopsis  enhanced the resistance to  Pst  DC3000 infection. Thus, the interaction between TaBI-1.1 and TaPIP1 on the ER membrane probably occurs in response to SA signals and defense response.

The Wheat Bax Inhibitor-1 Protein Interacts with an Aquaporin TaPIP1 and Enhances Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis