English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The  Chloris  genus is a C 4  photosynthetic species mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Populations of three  Chloris  species occurring in citrus orchards from central Cuba, under long history glyphosate-based weed management, were studied for glyphosate-resistant status by characterizing their herbicide resistance/tolerance mechanisms. Morphological and molecular analyses allowed these species to be identified as  C. ciliata  Sw.,  Chloris elata  Desv., and  Chloris barbata  Sw. Based on the glyphosate rate that causes 50% mortality of the treated plants, glyphosate resistance (R) was confirmed only in  C. elata , The R population was 6.1-fold more resistant compared to the susceptible (S) population. In addition, R plants of  C. elata  accumulated 4.6-fold less shikimate after glyphosate application than S plants. Meanwhile, populations of  C. barbata  and  C. ciliata  with or without glyphosate application histories showed similar LD 50  values and shikimic acid accumulation rates, demonstrating that resistance to glyphosate have not evolved in these species. Plants of R and S populations of  C. elata  differed in  14 C-glyphosate absorption and translocation. The R population exhibited 27.3-fold greater 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity than the S population due to a target site mutation corresponding to a Pro-106-Ser substitution found in the EPSPS gene. These reports show the innate tolerance to glyphosate of  C. barbata  and  C. ciliata , and confirm the resistance of  C. elata  to this herbicide, showing that both non-target site and target-site mechanisms are involved in its resistance to glyphosate. This is the first case of herbicide resistance in Cuba.

Identifying Chloris Species from Cuban Citrus Orchards and Determining Their Glyphosate-Resistance Status