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Vegetable oils rich in oleic acid are more desirable than oils rich in polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The biological switch of oleic acid to linoleic acid is facilitated by fatty acid desaturase 2 enzyme that is further classified into FAD2-1, FAD2-2, FAD2-3, and FAD2-4. The genes coding these enzymes have high sequence similarity, but differ mostly in their expression patterns. The seed-type  FAD2  genes had evolved independently after segregation by duplication from constitutively expressed  FAD2  genes. Temperature, light and wounding effectively regulate  FAD2  expression in plants.  FAD2  genes are expressed differently in different tissues of the plant, and the over-expression of  FAD2  modifies physiological and vegetative characteristics. The activity of FAD2 leads to an increase in the content of dienoic fatty acids, and hence increases the resistance toward cold and salt stress. The thorough study of the  FAD2  gene is important for understanding the expression, regulation and mechanism that will help in improving the quality of oil and stress resistance in plants.

The FAD2 Gene in Plants: Occurrence, Regulation, and Role