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Aegilops caudata  is an important gene source for wheat breeding. Intensive evaluation of its utilization value is an essential first step prior to its application in breeding. In this research, the agronomical and quality traits of  Triticum aestivum - Ae. caudata  additions B–G (homoeologous groups not identified) were analyzed and evaluated. Disease resistance tests showed that chromosome D of  Ae. caudata  might possess leaf rust resistance, and chromosome E might carry stem rust and powdery mildew resistance genes. Investigations into agronomical traits suggested that the introduction of the  Ae. caudata  chromosome in addition line F could reduce plant height. Grain quality tests showed that the introduction of chromosomes E or F into wheat could increase its protein and wet gluten content. Therefore, wheat- Ae. caudata  additions D–F are all potentially useful candidates for chromosome engineering activities to create useful wheat-alien chromosome introgressions. A total of 55 EST-based molecular markers were developed and then used to identify the chromosome homoeologous group of each of the  Ae. caudata  B–G chromosomes. Marker analysis indicated that the  Ae. caudata  chromosomes in addition lines B to G were structurally altered, therefore, a large population combined with intensive screening pressure should be taken into consideration when inducing and screening for wheat- Ae. caudata  compensating translocations. Marker data also indicated that the  Ae. caudata  chromosomes in addition lines C–F were 5C, 6C, 7C, and 3C, respectively, while the homoeologous group of chromosomes B and G of  Ae. caudata  are as yet undetermined and need further research.

Agronomic Traits and Molecular Marker Identification of Wheat–Aegilops caudata Addition Lines