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Recently the  TaMYC1  gene encoding bHLH transcription factor has been isolated from the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) genome and shown to co-locate with the  Pp3  gene conferring purple pericarp color. As a functional evidence of  TaMYC1  and  Pp3  being the same, higher transcriptional activity of the  TaMYC1  gene in colored pericarp compared to uncolored one has been demonstrated. In the current study, we present additional strong evidences of  TaMYC1  to be a synonym of  Pp3 . Furthermore, we have found differences between dominant and recessive  Pp3 ( TaMyc1 ) alleles. Light enhancement of  TaMYC1  transcription was paralleled with increased AP accumulation only in purple-grain wheat. Coexpression of  TaMYC1  and the maize MYB TF gene  ZmC1  induced AP accumulation in the coleoptile of white-grain wheat. Suppression of  TaMYC1  significantly reduced AP content in purple grains. Two distinct  TaMYC1  alleles ( TaMYC1p  and  TaMYC1w ) were isolated from purple- and white-grained wheat, respectively. A unique, compound  cis -acting regulatory element had six copies in the promoter of  TaMYC1p , but was present only once in  TaMYC1w . Analysis of recombinant inbred lines showed that  TaMYC1p  was necessary but not sufficient for AP accumulation in the pericarp tissues. Examination of larger sets of germplasm lines indicated that the evolution of purple pericarp in tetraploid wheat was accompanied by the presence of  TaMYC1p . Our findings may promote more systematic basic and applied studies of anthocyanins in common wheat and related Triticeae crops.

Allelic Variation and Transcriptional Isoforms of Wheat TaMYC1 Gene Regulating Anthocyanin Synthesis in Pericarp