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Sulforaphane, the hydrolytic product of glucoraphanin glucosinolate, is a potent anticarcinogen that reduces the risk of several human cancers. However, in most  B. rapa  vegetables, glucoraphanin is undetectable or only present in trace amounts, since the glucoraphanin that is present is converted to gluconapin by three functional  BrAOP2  genes. In this study, to enrich beneficial glucoraphanin content in  B. rapa , the functional  BrAOP2  alleles were replaced by non-functional counterparts through marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB). We identified non-functional mutations of two  BrAOP2  genes from  B. rapa . The backcross progenies with introgression of both non-functional  braop2.2  and  braop2.3  alleles significantly increased the glucoraphanin content by 18 times relative to the recurrent parent. In contrast, replacement or introgression of single non-functional  braop2.2  or  braop2.3  locus did not change glucoraphanin content. Our results suggest that replacement of these two functional  BrAOP2  genes with non-functional alleles has the potential for producing improved  Brassica  crops with enriched beneficial glucoraphanin content.

Enriching Glucoraphanin in Brassica rapa Through Replacement of BrAOP2.2/BrAOP2.3 with Non-functional Genes