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Seed setting rate is one of the most important components of rice grain yield. To date, only several genes regulating setting rate have been identified in plant. In this study, we showed that  laccase-13  ( OsLAC13 ), a member of laccase family genes which are known for their roles in modulating phenylpropanoid pathway and secondary lignification in cell wall, exerts a regulatory function in rice seed setting rate.  OsLAC13  expressed in anthers and promotes hydrogen peroxide production both  in vitro  and in the filaments and anther connectives. Knock-out of  OsLAC13  showed significantly increased seed setting rate, while overexpression of this gene exhibited induced mitochondrial damage and suppressed sugar transportation in anthers, which in turn affected seed setting rate.  OsLAC13  also induced H 2 O 2  production and mitochondrial damage in the root tip cells which caused the lethal phenotype. We also showed that high abundant of OsmiR397, the suppressor of  OsLAC13  mRNA, increased the seed setting rate of rice plants, and restrains H 2 O 2  accumulation in roots during oxidative stress. Our results suggested a novel regulatory role of  OsLAC13  gene in regulating seed setting rate by affecting H 2 O 2  dynamics and mitochondrial integrity in rice.

Laccase-13 Regulates Seed Setting Rate by Affecting Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamics and Mitochondrial Integrity in Rice