English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Calcium is widely known to have a role as a signaling molecule in many different processes, including stress response and activation of the embryogenic program. However, there are no direct clues about calcium levels during microspore embryogenesis, an experimental process that combines a developmental switch toward embryogenesis and the simultaneous application of different stressing factors. In this work, we used FluoForte, a calcium-specific fluorescent vital dye, to track by confocal microscopy the changes in levels and subcellular distribution of calcium in living rapeseed ( B. napus)  and eggplant  (S. melongena)  microspores and pollen grains during  in vivo  development, as well as during the first stages of  in vitro -induced microspore embryogenesis in rapeseed. During  in vivo  development, a clear peak of cytosolic Ca 2+  was observed in rapeseed vacuolate microspores and young pollen grains, the stages more suitable for embryogenesis induction. However, the Ca 2+  levels observed in eggplant were dramatically lower than in rapeseed. Just after  in vitro  induction, Ca 2+  levels increased specifically in rapeseed embryogenic microspores at levels dramatically higher than during  in vivo  development. The increase was observed in the cytosol, but predominantly in vacuoles. Non-embryogenic forms such as callus-like and pollen-like structures presented remarkably different calcium patterns. After the heat shock-based inductive treatment, Ca 2+  levels progressively decreased in all cases. Together, our results reveal unique calcium dynamics in  in vivo  rapeseed microspores, as well as in those reprogrammed to  in vitro  embryogenesis, establishing a link between changes in Ca 2+  level and subcellular distribution, and microspore embryogenesis.

Dynamics of Calcium during In vitro Microspore Embryogenesis and In vivo Microspore Development in Brassica napus and Solanum melongena