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Among the Rosaceae species, the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by a single multi-allelic S locus, which is composed of the pistil-S and pollen-S genes. The pistil-S gene encodes a polymorphic ribonuclease (S-RNase), which is essential for identifying self-pollen. However, the S-RNase system has not been fully characterized. In this study, the self-S-RNase inhibited the Ca 2+ -permeable channel activity at pollen tube apices and the selectively decreased phospholipase C ( PLC ) activity in the plasma membrane of  Pyrus pyrifolia  pollen tubes. Self-S-RNase decreased the Ca 2+  influx through a  PLC -mediated signaling pathway. Phosphatidylinositol-specific  PLC  has a 26-amino acid insertion in pollen tubes of the ‘Jinzhuili’ cultivar, which is a spontaneous self-compatible mutant of the ‘Yali’ cultivar. ‘Yali’ plants exhibit a typical S-RNase-based GSI. Upon self-pollination,  PLC  gene expression is significantly higher in ‘Jinzhuili’ pollen tubes than that in ‘Yali’ pollen tubes. Moreover, the  PLC  in pollen tubes can only interact with one of the two types of S-RNase from the style. In the  Pyrus x bretschneideri  Rehd, the  PLC  directly interacted with the S 7 -RNase in the pollen tube, but not with the S 34 -RNase. Collectively, our results reveal that the effects of S-RNase on  PLC  activity are required for S-specific pollen rejection, and that  PLC -IP 3  participates in the self-incompatibility reaction of  Pyrus  species.

PLC-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Pollen Tubes Regulates the Gametophytic Self-incompatibility of Pyrus Species