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Transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The RAV transcription factors contain a B3 DNA binding domain and/or an APETALA2 (AP2) DNA binding domain. Although genome-wide analyses of  RAV  family genes have been performed in several species, little is known about the family in soybean ( Glycine max  L.). In this study, a total of 13  RAV  genes, named as GmRAVs, were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted and analyzed the amino acid compositions, phylogenetic relationships, and folding states of conserved domain sequences of soybean RAV transcription factors. These soybean RAV transcription factors were phylogenetically clustered into three classes based on their amino acid sequences. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the soybean RAV proteins were located in the nucleus. The expression patterns of 13  RAV  genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Under drought stresses, the  RAV  genes expressed diversely, up- or down-regulated. Following NaCl treatments, all RAV genes were down-regulated excepting  GmRAV-03  which was up-regulated. Under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, the expression of all of the soybean  RAV  genes increased dramatically. These results suggested that the soybean  RAV  genes may be involved in diverse signaling pathways and may be responsive to abiotic stresses and exogenous ABA. Further analysis indicated that  GmRAV-03  could increase the transgenic lines resistance to high salt and drought and result in the transgenic plants insensitive to exogenous ABA. This present study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the RAV transcription factors in soybean.

frontiers in plant science

Genome-Wide Analysis of the RAV Family in Soybean and Functional Identification of GmRAV-03 Involvement in Salt and Drought Stresses and Exogenous ABA Treatment