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Several  Trichoderma  spp. are well known for their ability to: (i) act as important biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi; (ii) function as biofertilizers; (iii) increase the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses; and (iv) induce plant defense responses via the production and secretion of elicitor molecules. In this study, we analyzed the gene-regulation effects of  Trichoderma harzianum  Epl-1 protein during the interactions of mutant Δ epl-1  or wild-type  T. harzianum  strains with: (a) the phytopathogen  Botrytis cinerea  and (b) with tomato plants, on short (24 h hydroponic cultures) and long periods (4-weeks old plants) after  Trichoderma  inoculation. Our results indicate that  T. harzianum  Epl-1 protein affects the  in vitro  expression of  B. cinerea  virulence genes, especially those involved in the botrydial biosynthesis ( BcBOT  genes), during the mycoparasitism interaction. The tomato defense-related genes were also affected, indicating that Epl-1 is involved in the elicitation of the salicylic acid pathway. Moreover, Epl-1 also regulates the priming effect in host tomato plants and contributes to enhance the interaction with the host tomato plant during the early stage of root colonization.

Involvement of Trichoderma harzianum Epl-1 Protein in the Regulation of Botrytis Virulence- and Tomato Defense-Related Genes