English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

An efficient  in vitro  regeneration system  via  somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed for a fern species  Adiantum capillus-veneris . Adventitious shoots, green globular bodies (GGBs) and calli were obtained with the maximal induction rate on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium of low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0–1.0 mg/L), 2.0 mg/L BA without 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5–1.0 mg/L 6-BA, respectively. Cyto-morphological and histological changes in the shoot development  via  calli and GGBs were examined. For a better understanding of these developmental events, expression patterns of six genes,  AcLBD16, AcAGL, AcBBM, AcWUS, AcRKD , and  AcLEC1 , were characterized during SE.  AcBBM  and  AcLEC1  were ubiquitously expressed in direct SE (adventitious shoots and GGBs) the maximal expression of  AcBBM  in mature GGBs, and the high expression of  AcLEC1  in GGB initiation and adventitious shoots. During the indirect SE,  AcLBD16, AcLEC1, AcRKD , and  AcWUS  were highly expressed in mature calli. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses showed that  AcWUS, AcBBM, AcLBD, AcAGL, AcRKD , and their homologs of other green plants formed monophyletic clades, respectively. Some of these gene families, however, diversified rapidly with the occurrence of embryophytes, suggesting that embryogenesis-associated genes could experience a rapid evolution with the colonization of plants to terrestrial environments. Expression and phylogenetic analyses of those embryogenesis-associated genes by the aid of  in vitro  regeneration system of  A. capillus-veneris  provide new insights into the evolution of reproductive organs in land plants.

frontiers in plant science

Expression Analyses of Embryogenesis-Associated Genes during Somatic Embryogenesis of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. In vitro: New Insights into the Evolution of Reproductive Organs in Land Plants