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The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the first defense reactions induced in  Arabidopsis  in response to infection by the pectinolytic enterobacterium  Dickeya dadantii . Previous results also suggest that abscisic acid (ABA) favors  D. dadantii  multiplication and spread into its hosts. Here, we confirm this hypothesis using ABA-deficient and ABA-overproducer  Arabidopsis  plants. We investigated the relationships between ABA status and ROS production in  Arabidopsis  after  D. dadantii  infection and showed that ABA status modulates the capacity of the plant to produce ROS in response to infection by decreasing the production of class III peroxidases. This mechanism takes place independently of the well-described oxidative stress related to the RBOHD NADPH oxidase. In addition to this weakening of plant defense, ABA content in the plant correlates positively with the production of some bacterial virulence factors during the first stages of infection. Both processes should enhance disease progression in presence of high ABA content. Given that infection increases transcript abundance for the ABA biosynthesis genes  AAO3  and  ABA3  and triggers ABA accumulation in leaves, we propose that  D. dadantii  manipulates ABA homeostasis as part of its virulence strategy.

frontiers in plant science

Manipulation of ABA Content in Arabidopsis thaliana Modifies Sensitivity and Oxidative Stress Response to Dickeya dadantii and Influences Peroxidase Activity