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To cope with the problem of salinity- and weed-induced crop losses, a multi-stress tolerant trait is need of the hour but a combinatorial view of such traits is not yet explored. The overexpression of  PDH45  (pea DNA helicase 45) and  EPSPS  (5-enoylpruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) genes have been reported to impart salinity and herbicide tolerance. Further, the understanding of mechanism and pathways utilized by PDH45 and EPSPS for salinity and herbicide tolerance will help to improve the crops of economical importance. In the present study, we have performed a comparative analysis of salinity and herbicide tolerance to check the biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of tobacco transgenic plants. Collectively, the results showed that  PDH45  overexpressing transgenic lines display efficient tolerance to salinity stress, while  PDH45+EPSPS  transgenics showed tolerance to both the salinity and herbicide as compared to the control [wild type (WT) and vector control (VC)] plants. The activities of the components of enzymatic antioxidant machinery were observed to be higher in the transgenic plants indicating the presence of an efficient antioxidant defense system which helps to cope with the stress-induced oxidative-damages. Photosynthetic parameters also showed significant increase in  PDH45  and  PDH45+EPSPS  overexpressing transgenic plants in comparison to WT, VC and  EPSPS  transgenic plants under salinity stress. Furthermore,  PDH45  and  PDH45+EPSPS  synergistically modulate the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid mediated signaling pathways for combating salinity stress. The findings of our study suggest that pyramiding of the  PDH45  gene with  EPSPS  gene renders host plants tolerant to salinity and herbicide by enhancing the antioxidant machinery thus photosynthesis.

Simultaneous Expression of PDH45 with EPSPS Gene Improves Salinity and Herbicide Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants