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Auxin Regulated Gene involved in Organ Size (ARGOS) is significantly and positively associated with organ size and is involved in abiotic stress responses in plants. However, no studies on wheat  ARGOS  genes have been reported to date. In the present study, three  TaARGOS  homoeologous genes were isolated and located on chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D of bread wheat, all of which are highly conserved in wheat and its wild relatives. Comparisons of gene expression in different tissues demonstrated that the  TaARGOSs  were mainly expressed in the stem. Furthermore, the  TaARGOS  transcripts were significantly induced by drought, salinity, and various phytohormones. Transient expression of the TaARGOS-D protein in wheat protoplasts showed that TaARGOS-D localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, overexpression of  TaARGOS-D  in  Arabidopsis  resulted in an enhanced germination rate, larger rosette diameter, increased rosette leaf area, and higher silique number than in wild-type (WT) plants. The roles of  TaARGOS-D  in the control of plant growth were further studied via RNA-seq, and it was found that 105 genes were differentially expressed; most of these genes were involved in ‘developmental processes.’ Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of  TaARGOS-D  in  Arabidopsis  improved drought and salinity tolerance and insensitivity to ABA relative to that in WT plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the  TaARGOSs  are involved in seed germination, seedling growth, and abiotic stress tolerance.

Molecular and Functional Characterization of Wheat ARGOS Genes Influencing Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance