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Thousand-grain weight (TGW) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) contributes significantly to grain yield. In the present study, a candidate gene associated with TGW was identified through specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of DNA bulks of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross between Jing 411 and Hongmangchun 21. The gene was located on chromosome 7A, designated as  TaTGW-7A  with a complete genome sequence and an open reading frame (ORF). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was present in the first exon between two alleles at  TaTGW-7A  locus, resulting in a Val to Ala substitution, corresponding to a change from higher to lower TGW. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) ( TGW7A ) and InDel ( TG9 ) markers were developed to discriminate the two alleles  TaTGW-7Aa  and  TaTGW-7Ab  for higher and lower TGW, respectively. A major QTL co-segregating with  TaTGW-7A  explained 21.7–27.1% of phenotypic variance for TGW in the RIL population across five environments. The association of  TaTGW-7A  with TGW was further validated in a natural population and Chinese mini-core collections. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed higher transcript levels of  TaTGW-7Aa  than those of  TaTGW-7Ab  during grain development. High frequencies of the superior allele  TaTGW-7Aa  for higher TGW in Chinese mini-core collections (65.0%) and 501 wheat varieties (86.0%) indicated a strong and positive selection of this allele in wheat breeding. The molecular markers  TGW7A  and  TG9  can be used for improvement of TGW in breeding programs.

Cloning and Characterization of TaTGW-7A Gene Associated with Grain Weight in Wheat via SLAF-seq-BSA