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Plant browning is a recalcitrant problem for  in vitro  culture and often leads to poor growth of explants and even failure of tissue culture. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying browning-induced physiological processes remain unclear.  Medinilla  is considered one of the most difficult genera for tissue culture owning to its severe browning. In the present study, intact aseptic plantlets of  Medinilla formosana  Hayata previously obtained by ovary culture, were used to explore the characteristics and molecular mechanism of the browning response. Successive morphological and anatomical observations after cutting showed that the browning of  M. formosana  was not lethal but adaptive.  De novo  transcriptome and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling using Illumina high-throughput sequencing were then used to explore molecular regulation after cutting. About 7.5 million tags of  de novo  transcriptome were obtained and 58,073 unigenes were assembled and annotated. A total of 6,431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three stages after cutting were identified, and the expression patterns of these browning-related genes were clustered and analyzed. A number of putative DEGs involved in signal transduction and secondary metabolism were particularly studied and the potential roles of these cutting-responsive mRNAs in plant defense to diverse abiotic stresses are discussed. The DGE profiling data were also validated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The data obtained in this study provide an excellent resource for unraveling the molecular mechanisms of browning processes during  in vitro  tissue culture, and lay a foundation for future studies to inhibit and eliminate browning damage.

Characterization and Comparative Expression Profiling of Browning Response in Medinilla formosana after Cutting