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In plant-associated  Pseudomonas  species, the production of several secondary metabolites and exoenzymes is regulated by the GacS/GacA two-component regulatory system (the Gac-system). Here, we investigated if a mutation in the GacS sensor kinase affects the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in  P. fluorescens  SBW25 ( Pf .SBW25) and how this impacts on VOCs-mediated growth promotion and induced systemic resistance of  Arabidopsis  and tobacco. A total of 205 VOCs were detected by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for  Pf.  SBW25 and the  gacS -mutant grown on two different media for 3 and 6 days. Discriminant function analysis followed by hierarchical clustering revealed 24 VOCs that were significantly different in their abundance between  Pf. SBW25 and the  gacS -mutant, which included three acyclic alkenes (3-nonene, 4-undecyne, 1-undecene). These alkenes were significantly reduced by the  gacS  mutation independently of the growth media and of the incubation time. For  Arabidopsis , both  Pf. SBW25 and the  gacS -mutant enhanced, via VOCs, root and shoot biomass, induced systemic resistance against leaf infections by  P. syringae  and rhizosphere acidification to the same extent. For tobacco, however, VOCs-mediated effects on shoot and root growth were significantly different between  Pf. SBW25 and the  gacS -mutant. While  Pf. SBW25 inhibited tobacco root growth, the  gacS -mutant enhanced root biomass and lateral root formation relative to the non-treated control plants. Collectively these results indicate that the sensor kinase GacS is involved in the regulation of VOCs production in  Pf. SBW25, affecting plant growth in a plant species-dependent manner.

Role of the GacS Sensor Kinase in the Regulation of Volatile Production by Plant Growth-Promoting Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25