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Expression of  Photosynthesis-Associated Nuclear Genes  ( PhANGs ) is controlled by environmental stimuli and plastid-derived signals (“plastid signals”) transmitting the developmental and functional status of plastids to the nucleus.  Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled  ( gun ) mutants exhibit defects in plastid signaling, leading to ectopic expression of  PhANGs  in the absence of chloroplast development.  GUN5  encodes the plastid-localized Mg-chelatase enzyme subunit (CHLH), and recent studies suggest that CHLH is a multifunctional protein involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid signaling and ABA responses in guard cells. To understand the basis of CHLH multifunctionality, we investigated 15  gun5  missense mutant alleles and transgenic lines expressing a series of truncated CHLH proteins in a severe  gun5  allele ( cch ) background (tCHLHs, 10 different versions). Here, we show that Mg-chelatase function and plastid signaling are generally correlated; in contrast, based on the analysis of the  gun5  missense mutant alleles, ABA-regulated stomatal control is distinct from these two other functions. We found that none of the tCHLHs could restore plastid-signaling or Mg-chelatase functions. Additionally, we found that both the C-terminal half and N-terminal half of CHLH function in ABA-induced stomatal movement.

CHLH/GUN5 Function in Tetrapyrrole Metabolism Is Correlated with Plastid Signaling but not ABA Responses in Guard Cells