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Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for flower coloration in peach. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of eight flavonoid-related R2R3-MYB transcription factors, designated  PpMYB10.2, PpMYB9, PpMYBPA1, Peace, PpMYB17, PpMYB18, PpMYB19 , and  PpMYB20 , respectively, in peach flower transcriptome.  PpMYB10.2  and  PpMYB9  are able to activate transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, whilst  PpMYBPA1  and  Peace  have a strong activation on the promoters of proanthocyanin (PA) biosynthetic genes.  PpMYB17-20  show a strong repressive effect on transcription of flavonoid pathway genes such as  dihydroflavonol 4-reductase . These results indicate that anthocyanin accumulation in peach flower is coordinately regulated by a set of R2R3-MYB genes. In addition,  PpMYB9  and  PpMYB10.2  are closely related but separated into two groups, designated MYB9 and MYB10, respectively.  PpMYB9  shows a strong activation on the  PpUGT78A2  promoter, but with no effect on the promoter of  PpUGT78B  (commonly called  PpUFGT  in previous studies). In contrast,  PpMYB10.2  is able to activate the  PpUFGT  promoter, but not for the  PpUGT78A2  promoter. Unlike the  MYB10  gene that is universally present in plants, the  MYB9  gene is lost in most dicot species. Therefore, the  PpMYB9  gene represents a novel group of anthocyanin-related MYB activators, which may have diverged in function from the  MYB10  genes. Our study will aid in understanding the complex mechanism regulating floral pigmentation in peach and functional divergence of the R2R3-MYB gene family in plants.

Multiple R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Peach Flower