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Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are critical antioxidant enzymes that protect organisms from reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by adverse conditions, and have been widely found in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  L.) is an important economic crop and is cultivated worldwide. However, abiotic and biotic stresses severely hinder growth and development of the plant, which affects the production and quality of the crop. To reveal the potential roles of  SOD  genes under various stresses, we performed a systematic analysis of the tomato  SOD  gene family and analyzed the expression patterns of  SlSOD  genes in response to abiotic stresses at the whole-genome level. The characteristics of the  SlSOD  gene family were determined by analyzing gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. We determined that there are at least nine  SOD  genes in tomato, including four Cu/ZnSODs, three FeSODs, and one MnSOD, and they are unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses of  SOD  genes from tomato and other plant species were separated into two groups with a high bootstrap value, indicating that these  SOD  genes were present before the monocot-dicot split. Additionally, many  cis -elements that respond to different stresses were found in the promoters of nine  SlSOD  genes. Gene expression analysis based on RNA-seq data showed that most genes were expressed in all tested tissues, with the exception of  SlSOD6  and  SlSOD8 , which were only expressed in young fruits. Microarray data analysis showed that most members of the  SlSOD  gene family were altered under salt- and drought-stress conditions. This genome-wide analysis of  SlSOD  genes helps to clarify the function of  SlSOD  genes under different stress conditions and provides information to aid in further understanding the evolutionary relationships of  SOD  genes in plants.

The SOD Gene Family in Tomato: Identification, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Expression Patterns