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In peanut ( Arachis hypogaea  L.), the customization of fatty acid profile is an evolving area to fulfill the nutritional needs in the modern market. A total of 174 peanut genotypes, including 167 Indian cultivars, 6 advanced breeding lines and “SunOleic95R”—a double mutant line, were investigated using AS-PCRs, CAPS and gene sequencing for the  ahFAD2  allele polymorphism, along with its fatty acid compositions. Of these, 80 genotypes were found having substitution (448G>A) mutation only in  ahFAD2A  gene, while none recorded 1-bp insertion (441_442insA) mutation in  ahFAD2B  gene. Moreover, 22 wild peanut accessions found lacking both the mutations. Among botanical types, the  ahFAD2A  mutation was more frequent in ssp.  hypogaea  (89%) than in ssp.  fastigiata  (17%). This single allele mutation, found affecting not only oleic to linoleic acid fluxes, but also the composition of other fatty acids in the genotypes studied. Repeated use of a few selected genotypes in the Indian varietal development programs were also eminently reflected in its  ahFAD2  allele polymorphism. Absence of known mutations in the wild-relatives indicated the possible origin of these mutations, after the allotetraploidization of cultivated peanut. The SNP analysis of both  ahFAD2A  and  ahFAD2B  genes, revealed haplotype diversity of 1.05% and 0.95%, while K a /K s  ratio of 0.36 and 0.39, respectively, indicating strong purifying selection pressure on these genes. Cluster analysis, using  ahFAD2  gene SNPs, showed presence of both mutant and non-mutant genotypes in the same cluster, which might be due the presence of  ahFAD2  gene families. This investigation provided insights into the large number of Indian peanut genotypes, covering various aspects related to O/L flux regulation and  ahFAD2  gene polymorphism.

Insights into the Indian Peanut Genotypes for ahFAD2 Gene Polymorphism Regulating Its Oleic and Linoleic Acid Fluxes