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The TIFY family is a plant-specific group of proteins with a diversity of functions and includes four subfamilies,  viz . ZML, TIFY, PPD, and JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins. TIFY family members, particularly JAZ subfamily proteins, play roles in biological processes such as development and stress and hormone responses in  Arabidopsis , rice, chickpea, and grape. However, there is no information about this family in any  Brassica  crop. This study identifies 36  TIFY  genes in  Brassica rapa , an economically important crop species in the  Brassicaceae . An extensive  in silico  analysis of phylogenetic grouping, protein motif organization and intron-exon distribution confirmed that there are four subfamilies of BrTIFY proteins. Out of 36  BrTIFY  genes, we identified 21 in the JAZ subfamily, seven in the TIFY subfamily, six in ZML and two in PPD. Extensive expression profiling of 21  BrTIFY JAZs  in various tissues, especially in floral organs and at different flower growth stages revealed constitutive expression patterns, which suggest that  BrTIFY JAZ  genes are important during growth and development of  B. rapa  flowers. A protein interaction network analysis also pointed to association of these proteins with fertility and defense processes of  B. rapa . Using a low temperature-treated whole-genome microarray data set, most of the  JAZ  genes were found to have variable transcript abundance between the contrasting inbred lines Chiifu and Kenshin of  B. rapa . Subsequently, the expression of all 21  BrTIFY JAZs  in response to cold stress was characterized in the same two lines via qPCR, demonstrating that nine genes were up-regulated. Importantly, the  BrTIFY JAZs  showed strong and differential expression upon JA treatment, pointing to their probable involvement in JA-mediated growth regulatory functions, especially during flower development and stress responses. Additionally,  BrTIFY JAZs  were induced in response to salt, drought,  Fusarium , ABA, and SA treatments, and six genes ( BrTIFY3a, 3b, 6a, 9a, 9b , and  9c ) were identified to have co-responsive expression patterns. The extensive annotation and transcriptome profiling reported in this study will be useful for understanding the involvement of  TIFY  genes in stress resistance and different developmental functions, which ultimately provides the basis for functional characterization and exploitation of the candidate  TIFY  genes for genetic engineering of  B. rapa .

A Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Stress and Hormone Responsive Patterns of TIFY Family Genes in Brassica rapa