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In previous work, we cloned  TaGS5  gene and found the association of  TaGS5-A1  alleles with agronomic traits. In this study, the promoter sequence of the  TaGS5-A1  gene was isolated from bread wheat. Sequencing results revealed that a G insertion was found in position -1925 bp of the  TaGS5-A1  gene (Reference to ATG), which occurred in the  Sp1  domain of the promoter sequence. Combined with previous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the  TaGS5-A1  exon sequence, four genotypes were formed at the  TaGS5-A1  locus and were designated as  TaGS5-A1a-a, TaGS5-A1a-b, TaGS5-A1b-a , and  TaGS5-A1b-b , respectively. Analysis of the association of  TaGS5-A1  alleles with agronomic traits indicated that cultivars with the  TaGS5-A1a-b  allele possessed significantly higher thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and lower plant height than cultivars with the  TaGS5-A1a-a  allele, and cultivars with the  TaGS5-A1b-b  allele showed higher TKW than cultivars with the  TaGS5-A1b-a  allele. The differences of these traits between the  TaGS5-A1a-a  and  TaGS5-A1a-b  alleles were larger than those of the  TaGS5-A1b-a  and  TaGS5-A1b-b  alleles, suggesting that the -1925G insertion plays the more important role in  TaGS5-A1a  genotypes than in  TaGS5-A1b  genotypes. qRT-PCR indicated that  TaGS5-A1b-b  possessed the significantly highest expression level among four  TaGS5-A1  haplotypes in mature seeds and further showed a significantly higher expression level than  TaGS5-A1b-a  at five different developmental stages of the seeds, suggesting that high expression of  TaGS5-A1  was positively associated with high TKW in bread wheat. This study could provide a relatively superior genotype in view of TKW in wheat breeding programs and could also provide important information for dissection of the regulatory mechanism of the yield-related traits.

Haplotypes of the TaGS5-A1 Gene Are Associated with Thousand-Kernel Weight in Chinese Bread Wheat