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DUF579  (domain unknown function 579) genes have been reported to play diverse roles in cell wall biosynthesis, such as in glucuronoxylan (GX) synthesis. As GX is a major type of hemicelluloses in hard wood species, how  DUF579  genes function in wood formation remains to be demonstrated  in planta . This study reports a  Populus DUF579  gene,  PtrDUF579-3 , which is characterized for its function in wood cell wall formation.  PtrDUF579-3  is localized in Golgi apparatus and catalyzes methylation of the glucuronic acid (GlcA) in GX biosynthesis. Suppression of  PtrDUF579-3  expression in  Populus  caused a reduction in both the GlcA side chain number and GlcA side chain methylation on the GX backbone. The modified GX polymer through  PtrDUF579-3  suppression was more susceptible to acid treatment and the  PtrDUF579-3  suppressed plants displayed enhanced cellulose digestibility. These results suggest that  PtrDUF579-3  is involved in GX biosynthesis and GX structure can be modified through  PtrDUF579-3  suppression in  Populus .

Suppression of PtrDUF579-3 Expression Causes Structural Changes of the Glucuronoxylan in Populus