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Doubled haploid plants are invaluable breeding tools but many crop species are recalcitrant to available haploid induction techniques. To test if haploid inducer lines can be engineered into crops,  CENH3  −∕−  and  CENH3:RNAi  lines were complemented by  AcGREEN-tailswap-CENH3  or  AcGREEN-CENH3  transgenes. Haploid induction rates were determined following testcrosses to wild-type plants after independently controlling for inducer parent sex and transgene zygosity. CENH3 fusion proteins were localized to centromeres and did not cause vegetative defects or male sterility.  CENH3 : RNAi  lines did not demonstrate consistent knockdown and rarely produced haploids. In contrast, many of the complemented  CENH3  −∕−  lines produced haploids at low frequencies. The rate of gynogenic haploid induction reached a maximum of 3.6% in several hemizygous individuals when backcrossed as males. These results demonstrate that  CENH3 - tailswap  transgenes can be used to engineer  in vivo  haploid induction systems into maize plants.

Maternal Haploids Are Preferentially Induced by CENH3-tailswap Transgenic Complementation in Maize