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The extensive use of two alleles ( Rht-B1b  and  Rht-D1b ) at the  Rht-1  locus in wheat allowed dramatic increases in yields, triggering the so-called “Green Revolution.” Here, we found that a new natural allelic variation ( Rht-B1i ) containing a single missense SNP (A614G) in the coding region significantly increased plant height against the genetic background of both  Rht-D1a  (11.68%) and  Rht-D1b  (7.89%). To elucidate the molecular mechanism of  Rht-B1i , we investigated the promoter region. Sequence analysis showed that the  Rht-B1i  promoter could be divided into two classes depending on the presence or absence of a specific 160 bp insertion:  Rht-B1i-1  (with the 160 bp insertion) and  Rht-B1i-2  (without the 160 bp insertion). The promoter of  Rht-B1i-1  contained 32 more possible  cis -acting elements than  Rht-B1a , including a unique auxin response element AUXREPSIAA4. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the 160 bp insertion is likely to promote the transcription of the  Rht-B1i-1  gene. The coleoptile lengths of wheat varieties treated with IAA, GA 3 , and IAA/GA 3 , combined with the histochemical staining of transgenic  Arabidopsis  containing the  Rht-B1i-1  promoter, showed that the height-increasing effect of  Rht-B1i-1  may be due to the synergistic action of IAA and GA 3 . These results augment our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of  Rht-1  in wheat and provide new genetic resources for wheat improvement.

The 160 bp Insertion in the Promoter of Rht-B1i Plays a Vital Role in Increasing Wheat Height