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C ry1Ac  transgenic sugarcane provides a promising way to control stem-borer pests. Biosafety assessment of soil ecosystem for  cry1Ac  transgenic sugarcane is urgently needed because of the important role of soil microorganisms in nutrient transformations and element cycling, however little is known. This study aimed to explore the potential impact of  cry1Ac  transgenic sugarcane on rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity, and also to investigate whether the gene flow occurs through horizontal gene transfer. We found no horizontal gene flow from  cry1Ac  sugarcane to soil. No significant difference in the population of culturable microorganisms between the non-GM and  cry1Ac  transgenic sugarcane was observed, and there were no significant interactions between the sugarcane lines and the growth stages. A relatively consistent trend at community-level, represented by the functional diversity index, was found between the  cry1Ac  sugarcane and the non-transgenic lines. Most soil samples showed no significant difference in the activities of four soil enzymes: urease, protease, sucrose, and acid phosphate monoester between the non-transgenic and  cry1Ac  sugarcane lines. We conclude, based on one crop season, that the  cry1Ac  sugarcane lines may not affect the microbial community structure and functional diversity of the rhizosphere soil and have few negative effects on soil enzymes.

frontiers in plant science

Cry1Ac Transgenic Sugarcane Does Not Affect the Diversity of Microbial Communities and Has No Significant Effect on Enzyme Activities in Rhizosphere Soil within One Crop Season