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As a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) provides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and intermediary metabolites for rubber biosynthesis, and plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, four  Hevea brasiliensis  (Para rubber tree)  G6PDH  genes ( HbG6PDH1 to 4 ) were identified and cloned using a genome-wide scanning approach. All four  HbG6PDH  genes encode functional G6PDH enzymes as shown by heterologous expression in  E. coli . Phylogeny analysis and subcellular localization prediction show that  HbG6PDH3  is a cytosolic isoform, while the other three genes ( HbG6PDH1, 2  and  4 ) are plastidic isoforms. The subcellular locations of  HbG6PDH3  and  4 , two latex-abundant isoforms were further verified by transient expression in rice protoplasts. Enzyme activity assay and expression analysis showed HbG6PDH3 and 4 were implicated in PPP during latex regeneration, and to influence rubber production positively in rubber tree. The cytosolic HbG6PDH3 is a predominant isoform in latex, implying a principal role for this isoform in controlling carbon flow and NADPH production in the PPP during latex regeneration. The expression pattern of plastidic  HbG6PDH4  correlates well with the degree of tapping panel dryness, a physiological disorder that stops the flow of latex from affected rubber trees. In addition, the four  HbG6PDHs  responded to temperature and drought stresses in root, bark, and leaves, implicating their roles in maintaining redox balance and defending against oxidative stress.

Identification and Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Family in the Para Rubber Tree, Hevea brasiliensis