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The NAP (NAC-like, activated by AP 3 /P 1 ) transcription factor belongs to a subfamily of the NAC transcription factor family, and is believed to have an important role in regulating plant growth and development. However, there is very little information about this subfamily in Rosaceous plants. We identified seven  NAP  genes in the peach genome.  PpNAP2  was categorized in the NAP I group, and contained a conserved transcription activation region. The other  PpNAP  genes belonged to the NAP II group. The expression patterns of the  PpNAP  genes differed in various organs and developmental stages.  PpNAP1  and  PpNAP2  were highly expressed in mature and senescing flowers, but not in leaves, fruits, and flower buds.  PpNAP3  and  PpNAP5  were only expressed in leaves. The  PpNAP4  expression level was high in mature and senescing fruits, while  PpNAP6  and  PpNAP7  expression was up-regulated in mature and senescent leaves and flowers. During the fruit development period, the  PpNAP4  and  PpNAP6  expression levels rapidly increased during the S1 and S4 stages, which suggests these genes are involved in the first exponential growth phase and fruit ripening. During the fruit ripening and softening period, the  PpNAP1 ,  PpNAP4 , and  PpNAP6  expression levels were high during the early storage period, which was accompanied by a rapid increase in ethylene production.  PpNAP1 ,  PpNAP4 , and  PpNAP6  expression slowly increased during the middle or late storage periods, and peaked at the end of the storage period. Additionally, abscisic acid (ABA)-treated fruits were softer and produced more ethylene than the controls. Furthermore, the  PpNAP1 ,  PpNAP4 , and  PpNAP6  expression levels were higher in ABA-treated fruits. These results suggest that  PpNAP1 ,  PpNAP4 , and  PpNAP6  are responsive to ABA and may regulate peach fruit ripening.

frontiers in plant science

Identification of Peach NAP Transcription Factor Genes and Characterization of their Expression in Vegetative and Reproductive Organs during Development and Senescence