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Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be accelerated under various biotic and abiotic stresses causing lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and DNA damage. Superoxide reductase (SOR) is a novel antioxidant enzyme from  Pyrococcus furiosus  and is employed by this anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon for efficient detoxification of ROS. In this study,  SOR  was introduced into a flowering plant  Cornus canadensis  to enhance its heat tolerance and reduce heat induced damage. A fusion construct of the  SOR  gene and Green Fluorescent Protein gene ( GFP ) was introduced into  C. canadensis  using  Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Heat tolerance of the GFP-SOR expressing transgenic plants was investigated by observing morphological symptoms of heat injury and by examining changes in photosynthesis, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline levels in the plants. Our results indicate that the expression of the  P. furiosus SOR  gene in the transgenic plants alleviated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and photoinhibition of PS II, and decreased the accumulation of proline at 40°C. After a series of exposures to increasing temperatures, the  SOR  transgenic plants remained healthy and green whereas most of the non-transgenic plants dried up and were unable to recover. While it had previously been reported that expression of  SOR  in  Arabidopsis  enhanced heat tolerance, this is the first report of the successful demonstration of improved heat tolerance in a non-model plant resulting from the introduction of  P. furiosus  SOR. The study demonstrates the potential of  SOR  for crop improvement and that inherent limitations of plant heat tolerance can be ameliorated with  P. furiosus  SOR.

frontiers in plant science

Enhancing Heat Tolerance of the Little Dogwood Cornus canadensis L. f. with Introduction of a Superoxide Reductase Gene from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus