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The lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway is a key regulator for lipid peroxidation, which is crucial for plant senescence and defense pathways. In this study, the transcriptional expression patterns of three persimmon ( Diospyros kaki  L. ‘Fupingjianshi’) 9-lipoxygenase genes ( DkLOX1 ,  DkLOX3 , and  DkLOX4 ) were investigated.  DkLOX1  was specifically expressed in fruit, particularly in young fruit, and showed little response to the postharvest environments.  DkLOX4  was expressed in all tissues and slightly stimulated by mechanical damage and low temperature.  DkLOX3  was expressed mainly in mature fruit, and the expression was extremely high throughout the storage period, apparently up-regulated by mechanical damage and high carbon dioxide treatments. Further functional analysis showed that overexpression of  DkLOX3  in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  cv. Micro-Tom) accelerated fruit ripening and softening. This was accompanied by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lycopene accumulation, advanced ethylene release peak and elevated expression of ethylene synthesis genes, including  ACS2 ,  ACO1 , and  ACO3 . In addition,  DkLOX3  overexpression promoted dark induced transgenic  Arabidopsis  leaf senescence with more chlorophyll loss, increased electrolyte leakage and MDA content. Furthermore, the functions of  DkLOX3  in response to abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, high salinity and drought were investigated.  Arabidopsis DkLOX3  overexpression ( DkLOX3 -OX) transgenic lines were found to be more tolerant to osmotic stress with higher germination rate and root growth than wild-type. Moreover,  DkLOX3 -OX  Arabidopsis  plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to high salinity and drought, with similar decreased O 2  -  and H 2 O 2  accumulation and upregulation of stress-responsive genes expression, including  RD22 ,  RD29A ,  RD29B , and  NCED3 , except for  FRY1 , which plays a negative role in stress response. Overall, these results suggested that  DkLOX3  plays positive roles both in promoting ripening and senescence through lipid peroxidation and accelerated ethylene production and in stress response via regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation and stress responsive genes expression.

The Persimmon 9-lipoxygenase Gene DkLOX3 Plays Positive Roles in Both Promoting Senescence and Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress