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Venturia inaequalis  and  V. pirina  are Dothideomycete fungi that cause apple scab and pear scab disease, respectively. Whole genome sequencing of  V. inaequalis  and  V. pirina  isolates has revealed predicted proteins with sequence similarity to AvrLm6, a  Leptosphaeria maculans  effector that triggers a resistance response in  Brassica napus  and  B. juncea  carrying the resistance gene,  Rlm6 .  AvrLm6 -like genes are present as large families (>15 members) in all sequenced strains of  V. inaequalis  and  V. pirina , while in  L. maculans , only  AvrLm6  and a single paralog have been identified. The  Venturia AvrLm6 -like genes are located in gene-poor regions of the genomes, and mostly in close proximity to transposable elements, which may explain the expansion of these gene families. An  AvrLm6 -like gene from  V. inaequalis  with the highest sequence identity to  AvrLm6  was unable to trigger a resistance response in  Rlm6 -carrying  B. juncea . RNA-seq and qRT-PCR gene expression analyses, of in planta- and  in vitro -grown  V. inaequalis , has revealed that many of the  AvrLm6 -like genes are expressed during infection. An  AvrLm6  homolog from  V. inaequalis  that is up-regulated during infection was shown (using an eYFP-fusion protein construct) to be localized to the sub-cuticular stroma during biotrophic infection of apple hypocotyls.

A Large Family of AvrLm6-like Genes in the Apple and Pear Scab Pathogens, Venturia inaequalis and Venturia pirina