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The necrotrophic fungus  Botrytis cinerea  is a major threat to grapevine cultivation worldwide. A screen of 41  Vitis  genotypes for leaf resistance to  B. cinerea  suggested species independent variation and revealed 18 resistant Chinese wild  Vitis  genotypes, while most investigated  V. vinifera , or its hybrids, were susceptible. A particularly resistant Chinese wild  Vitis , “Pingli-5” ( V.  sp. [Qinling grape]) and a very susceptible  V. vinifera  cultivar, “Red Globe” were selected for further study. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that  B. cinerea  growth was limited during early infection on “Pingli-5” before 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) but not on Red Globe. It was found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidative system were associated with fungal growth. O2    -accumulated similarly in  B. cinerea  4 hpi on both  Vitis  genotypes. Lower levels of O2    -(not H 2 O 2 ) were detected 4 hpi and ROS (H 2 O 2  and O2    -) accumulation from 8 hpi onwards was also lower in “Pingli-5” leaves than in “Red Globe” leaves.  B. cinerea  triggered sustained ROS production in “Red Globe” but not in “Pingli-5” with subsequent infection progresses. Red Globe displayed little change in antioxidative activities in response to  B. cinerea  infection, instead, antioxidative activities were highly and timely elevated in resistant “Pingli-5” which correlated with its minimal ROS increases and its high resistance. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the resistance of Chinese wild  Vitis  species to  B. cinerea , but also lay the foundation for breeding  B. cinerea  resistant grapes in the future.

frontiers in plant science

Resistance evaluation of Chinese wild Vitis genotypes against Botrytis cinerea and different responses of resistant and susceptible hosts to the infection