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Proline accumulation is a common response to salt stress in many plants. Salt stress also increased proline concentration in roots, stems, and leaves of  Kosteletzkya virginica  seedling treated with 300 mM NaCl for 24 h and reached 3.75-, 4.76-, and 6.83-fold higher than controls. Further study on proline content in leaves under salt stress showed that proline content increased with increasing NaCl concentrations or time. The proline level peaked at 300 mM NaCl for 24 h and reached more than sixfold higher than control, but at 400 mM NaCl for 24 h proline content fell back slightly along with wilting symptom. To explore the cause behind proline accumulation, we first cloned full length genes related to proline metabolism including  KvP5CS1 ,  KvOAT ,  KvPDH , and  KvProT  from  K. virginica  and investigated their expression profiles. The results revealed that the expressions of  KvP5CS1  and  KvProT  were sharply up-regulated by salt stress and the expression of  KvOAT  showed a slight increase with increasing salt concentrations or time, while the expression of  KvPDH  was not changed much and slightly decreased before 12 h and then returned to the original level. As the key enzyme genes for proline biosynthesis, the up-regulated expression of  KvP5CS1  played a more important role than  KvOAT  for proline accumulation in leaves under salt stress. The low expression of  KvPDH  for proline catabolism also made a contribution to proline accumulation before 12 h.

Proline accumulation and metabolism-related genes expression profiles in Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings under salt stress