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Fungal plant pathogens produce secreted proteins adapted to function outside fungal cells to facilitate colonization of their hosts. In many cases such as for fungi from the  Sclerotiniaceae  family the repertoire and function of secreted proteins remains elusive. In the  Sclerotiniaceae , whereas  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum  and  Botrytis cinerea  are cosmopolitan broad host-range plant pathogens,  Sclerotinia borealis  has a psychrophilic lifestyle with a low optimal growth temperature, a narrow host range and geographic distribution. To spread successfully,  S. borealis  must synthesize proteins adapted to function in its specific environment. The search for signatures of adaptation to  S. borealis  lifestyle may therefore help revealing proteins critical for colonization of the environment by  Sclerotiniaceae  fungi. Here, we analyzed amino acids usage and intrinsic protein disorder in alignments of groups of orthologous proteins from the three  Sclerotiniaceae  species. We found that enrichment in Thr, depletion in Glu and Lys, and low disorder frequency in hot loops are significantly associated with  S. borealis  proteins. We designed an index to report bias in these properties and found that high index proteins were enriched among secreted proteins in the three  Sclerotiniaceae  fungi. High index proteins were also enriched in function associated with plant colonization in  S. borealis , and in  in planta -induced genes in  S. sclerotiorum . We highlight a novel putative antifreeze protein and a novel putative lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase identified through our pipeline as candidate proteins involved in colonization of the environment. Our findings suggest that similar protein signatures associate with  S. borealis  lifestyle and with secretion in the  Sclerotiniaceae . These signatures may be useful for identifying proteins of interest as targets for the management of plant diseases.

Common protein sequence signatures associate with Sclerotinia borealis lifestyle and secretion in fungal pathogens of the Sclerotiniaceae