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The plant hormone auxin is a central regulator of plant growth. TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF TIR1/AFB  and acts as an auxin co-receptor for nuclear auxin signaling. The SCF TIR1/AFB -proteasome machinery plays a central regulatory role in development-related gene transcription.  Populus trichocarpa , as a model tree, has a unique fast-growth trait to which auxin signaling may contribute. However, no systematic analyses of the genome organization, gene structure, and expression of TIR1-like genes have been undertaken in this woody model plant. In this study, we identified a total of eight  TIR1  genes in the  Populus  genome that are phylogenetically clustered into four subgroups,  PtrFBL1/PtrFBL2, PtrFBL3/PtrFBL4, PtrFBL5/PtrFBL6 , and  PtrFBL7/PtrFBL8 , representing four paralogous pairs. In addition, the gene structure and motif composition were relatively conserved in each paralogous pair and all of the  PtrFBL  members were localized in the nucleus. Different sets of  PtrFBLs  were strongly expressed in the leaves, stems, roots, cambial zones, and immature xylem of  Populus . Interestingly,  PtrFBL1  and  7  were expressed mainly in vascular and cambial tissues, respectively, indicating their potential but different roles in wood formation. Furthermore,  Populus FBLs  responded differentially upon exposure to various stresses. Finally, over-expression studies indicated a role of FBL1 in poplar stem growth and response to drought stress. Collectively, these observations lay the foundation for further investigations into the potential roles of  PtrFBL  genes in tree growth and development.

A Populus TIR1 gene family survey reveals differential expression patterns and responses to 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and stress treatments