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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi (Glomeromycota) form symbiosis with and deliver nutrients via the roots of most angiosperms. AM fungal hyphae are taken up by living root epidermal cells, a program which relies on a set of plant common symbiosis genes (CSGs). Plant root epidermal cells are also infected by the plant growth-promoting fungus  Piriformospora indica  (Basidiomycota), raising the question whether this interaction relies on the AM-related CSGs. Here we show that intracellular colonization of root cells and intracellular sporulation by  P. indica  occurred in CSG mutants of the legume  Lotus japonicus  and in  Arabidopsis thaliana , which belongs to the Brassicaceae, a family that has lost the ability to form AM as well as a core set of CSGs.  A. thaliana  mutants of homologs of CSGs (HCSGs) interacted with  P. indica  similar to the wild-type. Moreover, increased biomass of  A. thaliana  evoked by  P. indica  was unaltered in HCSG mutants. We conclude that colonization and growth promotion by  P. indica  are independent of the CSGs and that AM fungi and  P. indica  exploit different host pathways for infection.

Colonization of root cells and plant growth promotion by Piriformospora indica occurs independently of plant common symbiosis genes