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The purple coloration of pepper leaves arises from the accumulation of anthocyanin. Three regulatory and 12 structural genes have been characterized for their involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Examination of the abundance of these genes in leaves showed that the majority of them differed between anthocyanin pigmented line Z1 and non-pigmented line A3. Silencing of the R2R3- MYB  transcription factor  CaMYB  in pepper leaves of Z1 resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, the expression of multiple genes was altered in the silenced leaves. The expression of  MYC  was significantly lower in  CaMYB -silenced leaves, whereas  WD40  showed the opposite pattern. Most structural genes including  CHS, CHI, F3H, F3 ′ 5 ′ H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, ANP , and  GST  were repressed in  CaMYB -silenced foliage with the exception of  PAL, C4H , and  4CL . These results indicated that  MYB  plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic related genes. Besides  CaMYB  silenced leaves rendered more sporulation of  Phytophthora capsici Leonian  indicating that  CaMYB  might be involved in the defense response to pathogens.

VIGS approach reveals the modulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by CaMYB in chili pepper leaves